Steel Learning Platform
Learning Modules
Master the processes behind global steel production, then navigate directly to the real plants using each route.
View process map →Ironmaking
Blast Furnace Ironmaking
How iron ore, sinter, coke, and pulverised coal are converted to liquid hot metal in a counter-current shaft furnace by reducing iron oxides with carbon monoxide generated at tuyere-level combustion zones called raceways.
Direct Reduction (DRI / HBI)
How iron ore pellets are reduced to metallic iron in the solid state — without melting — using reformed natural gas or hydrogen, producing DRI pellets or HBI briquettes for use as a high-quality EAF charge.
Steelmaking
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steelmaking
How liquid iron from the blast furnace is converted to steel by top-blowing high-purity oxygen through a water-cooled lance, oxidising carbon, silicon, manganese, and phosphorus in a single high-intensity heat.
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steelmaking
How steel scrap, direct reduced iron (DRI), and other metallic charge materials are melted and refined using the intense heat of electric arcs struck between graphite electrodes and the charge.
Secondary Metallurgy
Ladle Furnace (LF) — Secondary Metallurgy
How steel tapped from the BOF or EAF is reheated, desulphurised, and precisely alloyed in a ladle furnace to meet tight composition and temperature targets before continuous casting.
Vacuum Degassing (RH / VD)
How dissolved hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon are removed from liquid steel by applying a high vacuum, enabling the production of ultra-low carbon grades, high-cleanliness steels, and hydrogen-crack-free heavy plate.
Casting
Test your Casting knowledge →
Rolling
Cold Rolling
How hot-rolled pickled coil is reduced to final gauge at room temperature in a tandem or reversing cold mill, then annealed and temper rolled to restore ductility and set surface finish for automotive, appliance, and packaging applications.
Hot Rolling
How continuously cast slabs, blooms, and billets are reheated to rolling temperature and reduced to final product dimensions — hot rolled coil, plate, sections, and rod — in a hot strip mill, plate mill, or section mill.